Contents |
List of Common Commands
( in alphabetical order )
cat
cat to look, modify or combine a file
cat runs/mo-example/A.log | tail -n +10 | head -n 20-10+1 > B.log
cd
cd to change your current directory Go to your home directory
cd ~
Go to a specified directory, e.g.
cd /tmp
You can use
cd -
to toggle between two directories with no effort at all.
cmp
cmp performs byte-by-byte comparison between two files.
diff
diff -b can be used to compare two files when the tabbing and whitespace has been changed in a code (tabbing, blank lines, spaces, etc). Regular diff will state that 'a=b' is different than 'a = b'.
dos2unix
dos2unix can be used to remove the ^M characters at the end of lines of your text files. However, if ^M appears not at the end of lines, this command will not remove it. You can use grep [ctrl-v][ctrl-m] yourfile to see whether yourfile still contains this character. You can then use vi yourfile and type command /[ctrl-v][ctrl-m] to search this character and then delete it.
find
find to search for files in a directory hierarchy
find ./ -name param.inc
fmt
fmt makes multi-line text outputs fit nicely in a page by inserting and removing new lines.
grep
grep to show lines matching a pattern from files
grep EPOT runs/mo-example/A.log grep -3 Stress runs/mo-example/A.log grep -w mea Fortran/MEAM-Baskes/meam/*
head
head to show the first several lines of the file
head -n 20 runs/mo-example/A.log #view the first 20 lines head -n -20 runs/mo-example/A.log #ignore the last 20 lines
nm
nm to list symbols from object files
nm Fortran/MEAM-Baskes/meam/linux/forces.o | grep phiid
sed
sed to read the input file line by line
sed -n -e 10p -e 20p runs/mo-example/A.log #view the 10th and the 20th lines sed -n 10, 20p runs/mo-example/A.log #view the lines from 10th to 20th
sum
sum performs checksum of file. If the checksum is unchanged, the content of the file is likely unchanged.
tail
tail to show the last several lines of the file
tail -n 10 runs/mo-example/A.log # view the last 10 lines of the file tail -n +10 runs/mo-example/A.log #ignore the first 10-1 lines of the file tail -f runs/mo-example/A.log # view growing log file in real time tail -c10 runs/mo-example/A.log #view the last 10 bytes of the file
tar
tar the tar archiving utility
tar -zxvf MD++.tar.gz tar -jxvf highlight-2.6.5.tar.bz2 tar -cvzf foo.tar.gz foo tar -cvjf foo.tar.bz2 foo tar cvf MD++.tar MD++ --exclude MD++/runs --exclude MD++/scripts/work --exclude MD++/cookies --exclude ".svn"
$ tar --create --tape-length=2097152 --file=results-NACL2-1.tar results-NACL2 Prepare volume #2 for `results-NACL2-1.tar' and hit return: n results-NACL2-2.tar Prepare volume #2 for `results-NACL2-2.tar' and hit return: Prepare volume #3 for `results-NACL2-2.tar' and hit return: n results-NACL2-3.tar Prepare volume #3 for `results-NACL2-3.tar' and hit return: Prepare volume #4 for `results-NACL2-3.tar' and hit return: n results-NACL2-4.tar Prepare volume #4 for `results-NACL2-4.tar' and hit return:
yum
yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified) update program
yum search gcc yum list installed | grep python-numeric yum remove python-numeric.i386 yum install python-numeric.i386 yum check-update gcc.i386 yum update gcc.i386 yum info gcc.i386