Latest revision as of 10:38, 17 April 2013
Contents |
[edit] List of Common Commands
( in alphabetical order )
[edit] cat
cat to look, modify or combine a file
cat runs/mo-example/A.log | tail -n +10 | head -n 20-10+1 > B.log
[edit] cd
cd to change your current directory Go to your home directory
cd ~
Go to a specified directory, e.g.
cd /tmp
You can use
cd -
to toggle between two directories with no effort at all.
[edit] cmp
cmp performs byte-by-byte comparison between two files.
[edit] diff
diff -b can be used to compare two files when the tabbing and whitespace has been changed in a code (tabbing, blank lines, spaces, etc). Regular diff will state that 'a=b' is different than 'a = b'.
[edit] dos2unix
dos2unix can be used to remove the ^M characters at the end of lines of your text files. However, if ^M appears not at the end of lines, this command will not remove it. You can use grep [ctrl-v][ctrl-m] yourfile to see whether yourfile still contains this character. You can then use vi yourfile and type command /[ctrl-v][ctrl-m] to search this character and then delete it.
[edit] find
find to search for files in a directory hierarchy
find ./ -name param.inc
[edit] fmt
fmt makes multi-line text outputs fit nicely in a page by inserting and removing new lines.
[edit] grep
grep to show lines matching a pattern from files
grep EPOT runs/mo-example/A.log grep -3 Stress runs/mo-example/A.log grep -w mea Fortran/MEAM-Baskes/meam/*
[edit] head
head to show the first several lines of the file
head -n 20 runs/mo-example/A.log #view the first 20 lines head -n -20 runs/mo-example/A.log #ignore the last 20 lines
[edit] nm
nm to list symbols from object files
nm Fortran/MEAM-Baskes/meam/linux/forces.o | grep phiid
[edit] sed
sed to read the input file line by line
sed -n -e 10p -e 20p runs/mo-example/A.log #view the 10th and the 20th lines sed -n 10, 20p runs/mo-example/A.log #view the lines from 10th to 20th
[edit] sum
sum performs checksum of file. If the checksum is unchanged, the content of the file is likely unchanged.
[edit] tail
tail to show the last several lines of the file
tail -n 10 runs/mo-example/A.log # view the last 10 lines of the file tail -n +10 runs/mo-example/A.log #ignore the first 10-1 lines of the file tail -f runs/mo-example/A.log # view growing log file in real time tail -c10 runs/mo-example/A.log #view the last 10 bytes of the file
[edit] tar
tar the tar archiving utility
tar -zxvf MD++.tar.gz tar -jxvf highlight-2.6.5.tar.bz2 tar -cvzf foo.tar.gz foo tar -cvjf foo.tar.bz2 foo tar cvf MD++.tar MD++ --exclude MD++/runs --exclude MD++/scripts/work --exclude MD++/cookies --exclude ".svn"
$ tar --create --tape-length=2097152 --file=results-NACL2-1.tar results-NACL2 Prepare volume #2 for `results-NACL2-1.tar' and hit return: n results-NACL2-2.tar Prepare volume #2 for `results-NACL2-2.tar' and hit return: Prepare volume #3 for `results-NACL2-2.tar' and hit return: n results-NACL2-3.tar Prepare volume #3 for `results-NACL2-3.tar' and hit return: Prepare volume #4 for `results-NACL2-3.tar' and hit return: n results-NACL2-4.tar Prepare volume #4 for `results-NACL2-4.tar' and hit return:
[edit] yum
yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified) update program
yum search gcc yum list installed | grep python-numeric yum remove python-numeric.i386 yum install python-numeric.i386 yum check-update gcc.i386 yum update gcc.i386 yum info gcc.i386